✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. This video is an "in depth" look at Rule 21 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Rule 21 is the start of the section that covers Light and Shapes of different vessels. This rule defines what is meant by the terms Masthead Light, Sidelight, Sternlight, Towing Light, All Round Light and Flashing Light. ----------RULE 21---------- Rule 21: Definitions (a) “Masthead light” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. (b) “Sidelights” means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel. (c) “Sternlight” means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. (d) “Towing light” means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the “sternlight” defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (e) “All-round light” means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. (f) “Flashing light” means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. The international regulations for preventing collisions at sea require vessels to indicate their manoeuvres by sounding signals on their whistles. This video looks at rule 34 of the COLREGS. Rule 34 covers manoeuvring and warning signals. ----------RULE 34---------- Rule 34: Manoeuvring and warning signals (a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle: ▪ one short blast to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”; ▪ two short blasts to mean “I am altering my course to port”; ▪ three short blasts to mean “I am operating astern propulsion”. (b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out: i. these light signals shall have the following significance ▪ one flash to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”; ▪ two flashes to mean “I am altering my course to port”; ▪ three flashes to mean “I am operating astern propulsion”; ii. the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall be not less than ten seconds; iii. the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an all-round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations. (c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway: i. a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(e)(i) indicate her intention by the following signals on her whistle: ▪ two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean “I intend to overtake you on your starboard side”; ▪ two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean “I intend to overtake you on your port side”. ii. the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(e)(i) shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle: ▪ one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order. (d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes. (e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction. (f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. Rule 35 details sound signals that vessels need to sound when in or near an area of restricted visibility. ----------RULE 35---------- Rule 35: Sound signals in restricted visibility In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows: (a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast. (b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them. (c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts. (d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel. (f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. (g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel. (h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal. (i) A vessel of 12 metres or more but less than 20 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the bell signals prescribed in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Rule. However, if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes. (j) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes. (k) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a),(b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. "Lateral Marks" is the latest video in the new "Buoyage in Depth" series. Lateral marks consist of the following main buoys: Port Lateral (Region A) Starboard Lateral (Region A) Port Lateral (Region B) Starboard Lateral (Region B) I talk you through the different buoys that make up the main lateral marks in the different buoyage regions. I show you their characteristics and how to recognise them to keep your vessel in safe water. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. "Preferred Channel Marks" is the latest video in the "Buoyage in Depth" series. Preferred channel marks are used to indicate a split in a channel where there is a main and a secondary channel. In this video I look at the following buoys: Preferred Channel to Port (Region A) Preferred Channel to Starboard (Region A) Preferred Channel to Port (Region B) Preferred Channel to Starboard (Region B) I talk you through the different preferred channel buoys and show you their characteristics and how to recognise them to keep your vessel in safe water. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. "Cardinal Marks" is the latest video in the "Buoyage in Depth" series. Cardinal marks consist of the following main buoys: North Cardinal East Cardinal South Cardinal West Cardinal I talk you through the different buoys that make up the cardinal marks. I show you their characteristics and how to recognise them to keep your vessel in safe water. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.

✔ Casual Animation is made by sailors with a love of animation. ✔ If you would like to use any of our animated content in your own projects, we would love to hear from you. Contact details in the “About” page. ----------ABOUT THE VIDEO---------- This video was originally uploaded to our other channel, Casual Navigation, back in 2018. This video looks at three different buoys: Safe Water Mark Isolated Danger Mark Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy This is the latest video in the "Buoyage in Depth" series where I look at the detailed characteristics of different buoys. ----------DISCLAIMER---------- Although we take all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided in the content on this channel, the content is provided “as is”. We do not make any warranties about the accuracy, content, completeness, legality or reliability of the information contained within this channel. The information contained within our videos is not professional or legal advice and should not be considered as such. If you need professional or legal advice, you should consult a suitably qualified professional. Any action you take as a result of watching this video is strictly at your own risk.